Section A—Historical Sketch of the PKK First Phase: Emergence We began in April 1973 as a group that it would be too much to even call amateurs. At the shore of the Çubuk Dam in Ankara, this group of six talked about acting as an autonomous Kurdish group for the first time, reasoning mainly that […]

Introduction A realistic approach to the Kurdish phenomenon is more important than ever before. A significant part of the chaos in Iraq was due to the Kurdish question. How this chaos, which is very high on the world’s agenda today, can be overcome is as yet unclear. Western civilization does not have the ability to

The proper definition of the relationship between social tradition and the current situation is still a major challenge for the social sciences. But how well can we understand the current phenomena, events, and processes without establishing their connection with tradition? How much influence does tradition have on the present? To what extent and how does

Introduction It’s true that World War III is taking place in the Middle East in a unique way. However, certain particularities distinguish this war from classic military-political aspects. Although defining it as a clash of civilizations is correct,1 its content is often incorrectly interpreted. Frequently, not enough attention is paid to its historical and social

The world social system entered the chaos interval required for change as a result of the dissolution of real socialism in 1989 for structural reasons. But there is also qualitative difference between the previous crises of capitalism and the current one—namely, the “chaos interval.” Generally speaking, radical changes within societies do not materialize through just

The Historical Essence of Communal and Democratic Values One of the most fundamental shortcomings of social science is that it does not demonstrate the other side, the “counterpart,” that throughout history has been and must be in dialectical contradiction with hierarchical and statebased societies. They act as if history is free of contradictions and consists

The Mature Slave Society It is of great importance that we see the state as a mindset and an institutional flow throughout history. Definitions of the state based on the assumption that states rise and fall, are quickly founded and destroyed, and are then newly built by another class or group, or that states are

Hierarchical society represented the intermediate link between natural society and statist society based on class. A typical feature of this era was that both authority and military fealty were bound to a particular person. The subsequent institutionalization of authority implies a qualitative change. The state basically was an authority that gained continuity by its institutionalization.